Ma cranes pamwambandi zida zofunika kwambiri pakupanga mafakitale, kukonza zinthu, ndi zomangamanga, ndipo mapangidwe a single-girder ndi double-girder ndi mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino. Kusankha yoyenera kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito, chitetezo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama moyenera kwa nthawi yayitali.
1. Zofunikira pa Kulemera kwa Katundu
Kulemera kwa katundu ndiye muyezo waukulu posankha crane.
Ma Crane Okhala ndi Girder Overhead: Kawirikawiri amapangidwa kuti azinyamula katundu wopepuka mpaka wapakati, nthawi zambiri amakhala kuyambira matani 0.5 mpaka matani 20. Kapangidwe kawo kosavuta kamachepetsa mphamvu yonyamula katundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ntchito zolemera.
Ma Crane Okhala ndi Magiya Awiri: Amatha kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'malo olemera, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kugwira ntchito kuyambira matani 5 mpaka matani opitilira 500. Kapangidwe ka giya awiri kamagawa kulemera mofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokhazikika komanso zonyamula katundu wolemera pakupanga zinthu zolemera kapena kunyamula katundu wonyamula katundu.
2. Kuvuta kwa Kapangidwe ndi Zosowa za Malo
Kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka nyumba kumakhudza kuyika, kukonza, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo.
Ma Crane Okhala ndi Girder Imodzi: Ali ndi mtanda umodzi waukulu wothandizidwa ndi magalimoto otsiriza. Ali ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono, safuna malo ochulukirapo (malo oimirira) komanso m'lifupi mwake, ndipo ndi osavuta kuyika ndi kusamalira. Kapangidwe kosavuta kameneka kamachepetsanso kufunikira kolimbitsa maziko movuta.
Ma Crane Okhala ndi Magiya Awiri: Amakhala ndi matabwa awiri ofanana, ndipo chokwezera (njira yonyamulira) nthawi zambiri chimayenda pakati pa magiya. Kapangidwe kameneka kamafuna malo ochulukirapo komanso malo opingasa. Kukhazikitsa kumaphatikizapo kulumikizana kovuta kwa magiya awiriwa, ndipo kukonza kungafunike kufikira malo pakati pa matabwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yovuta.
3. Zochitika Zogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Mayendedwe Antchito
Kagwiritsidwe ntchito komwe kakufuna komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito (ntchito yogwirira ntchito) ndi komwe kumatsimikiza mtundu wa crane womwe ukuyenerera bwino.
Ma Crane Okhala ndi Girder Imodzi: Abwino kwambiri pa ntchito zochepa mpaka zochepa (monga magulu ogwira ntchito A3-A5 malinga ndi miyezo ya ISO). Ntchito zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo malo ochitira masewera ang'onoang'ono, malo osungiramo katundu, ndi mizere yolumikizirana ya ntchito monga kunyamula zinthu zazing'ono, kulongedza, kapena kulongedza pang'ono—komwe katundu ndi wopepuka ndipo ntchito sizipitirira.
Ma Crane Okhala ndi Magiya Awiri: Oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri (magulu ogwirira ntchito A6-A8) komanso malo ovuta. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale achitsulo (ponyamula zitsulo zosungunuka), kupanga makina olemera (polumikiza zida zazikulu), ndi madoko a ziwiya (ponyamula/kutsitsa ziwiya zolemera). Kapangidwe kawo kolimba kamapirira kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, kosalekeza komanso mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri monga kutentha kwambiri kapena fumbi.
4. Zoganizira za Mtengo
Mtengo umaphatikizapo ndalama zoyambira zogulira, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kukonza.
Ma Crane Okhala ndi Girder imodzi: Ali ndi ndalama zochepa zogulira ndi kukhazikitsa poyamba chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kosavuta. Ndalama zokonzera nazonso ndizochepa, chifukwa zinthu zochepa zimafunika kuyang'aniridwa kapena kusinthidwa. Ndi chisankho chotsika mtengo kwa mabizinesi omwe ali ndi bajeti yochepa komanso zosowa zopepuka.
Ma Crane Okhala ndi Magiya Awiri: Amawononga ndalama zambiri zoyambira, kuphatikizapo kupanga, kukhazikitsa, ndi kulimbitsa maziko. Komabe, kulimba kwawo komanso mphamvu zambiri zonyamula katundu zimachepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito yolemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabizinesi omwe akufuna katundu wolemera azipeza phindu la nthawi yayitali (ROI) azikhala ndi ndalama zambiri. Ndalama zokonzera zinthu zimakhala zapamwamba koma zimatsimikiziridwa ndi nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito komanso kudalirika kwawo.
5. Chidule cha Njira Zosankhira
Fotokozani Zofunikira pa Katundu: Tsimikizani katundu wokwera kwambiri, katundu wapakati, ndi kutalika kofunikira kokweza—izi zimachepetsa ngati galimoto yokhala ndi girder imodzi (≤20 matani) kapena double-girder (>20 matani) ndi yotheka.
Unikani Malo Ogwirira Ntchito ndi Nthawi Yogwirira Ntchito: Ngati ntchito zikupitirira, zolemera, kapena zili m'mikhalidwe yovuta, crane yokhala ndi magiya awiri ndi yabwino; kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mopepuka komanso nthawi zina, crane yokhala ndi magiya amodzi ndi yokwanira.
Yesani Zopinga za Malo: Yang'anani momwe mutu ulili komanso kutalika kwa span—ma crane a single-girder ndi abwino kwambiri m'malo opapatiza, pomwe ma crane a double-girder amafunika malo ochulukirapo.
Kusanthula Mtengo ndi ROI: Pazosowa zogwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono komanso kwakanthawi kochepa, sankhani crane ya girder imodzi kuti musunge ndalama; pa ntchito zazikulu komanso zazitali, yikani ndalama mu crane ya girder iwiri kuti mukhale odalirika komanso ROI yabwino.
Pomaliza, palibe yankho "lofanana ndi lonse". Kusankha kumadalira kuwunika kwathunthu kwa katundu, malo, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi mtengo. Kufunsana ndi opanga ma crane kapena mainjiniya kuti achite kusanthula kwina kwa malo kungatsimikizire kuti crane yosankhidwayo ikukwaniritsa zosowa za ntchito ndi miyezo yachitetezo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-11-2025