Cranes zo hejuruni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu nganda, mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho, no mu bwubatsi, aho imiterere y'imigozi imwe n'imigozi ibiri ari byo bikunze kugaragara cyane. Guhitamo ikwiye bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza, umutekano, no ku ikiguzi cyiza mu gihe kirekire.
1. Ibisabwa ku bushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo
Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo ni cyo gipimo cy’ingenzi cyo guhitamo icyuma gitwara imizigo.
Crane zo hejuru zikoresha umugozi umwe: Ubusanzwe zagenewe imizigo yoroheje kugeza ku iringaniye, ubusanzwe zipima kuva kuri toni 0.5 kugeza kuri toni 20. Imiterere yazo yoroshye igabanya ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, bigatuma zidakoreshwa mu mirimo iremereye.
Crane zo hejuru y’imizigo ibiri: Zikora neza cyane mu mikorere iremereye, zifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 5 kugeza kuri toni zirenga 500. Imiterere y’imizigo ibiri ikwirakwiza uburemere ku buryo bungana, itanga ubushobozi bwo gutuza no gutwara imizigo mu nganda ziremereye cyangwa mu gutwara imizigo ku cyambu.
2. Ubwuzu bw'inyubako n'ibikenewe mu mwanya
Itandukaniro mu miterere y’ibikoresho rigira ingaruka ku ishyirwaho, kubungabunga, no gukoresha umwanya.
Crane zo mu bwoko bwa "Single-Girder Cranes": Zifite igiti kimwe gikuru gishyigikiwe n'amakamyo yo ku mpera. Zifite imiterere mito, zikenera umwanya muto wo gufata (umwanya uhagaze) n'ubugari bw'ubugari, kandi zoroshye gushyiraho no kubungabunga. Inyubako yoroshye kandi igabanya gukenera imbaraga zikomeye zo gushimangira urufatiro.
Cranes zo mu bwoko bwa Double-Girder: Zigizwe n'imirimbo ibiri y'ingenzi iteganye, hamwe n'uburyo bwo guterura (uburyo bwo guterura) bukunze kugenda hagati y'imirimbo. Iyi miterere isaba umwanya munini w'umutwe n'umwanya utambitse. Gushyiraho bisaba guhuza imirimbo ibiri mu buryo bugoye, kandi kubungabunga bishobora gukenera kugera ku gace kari hagati y'imirimbo, bigatuma imikorere irushaho kuba mibi.
3. Imiterere y'Ikoreshwa n'Imikorere
Ikoreshwa ryagenwe n'inshuro zo gukora (uruhererekane rw'akazi) bigena ubwoko bw'ikirahure gikwiranye neza.
Cranes zo mu bwoko bwa Single-Girder: Ni nziza ku mikorere y’akazi gaciriritse kugeza ku gipimo giciriritse (urugero, ibyiciro by’akazi A3-A5 hakurikijwe amahame ya ISO). Ikoreshwa risanzwe ririmo utuzu duto two gukoreramo, ububiko, n’imirongo yo guteranya ibikoresho ku mirimo nko guterura ibice bito, gupakira, cyangwa guteranya ibintu byoroheje—aho imizigo iba yoroheje kandi imirimo idakomeza.
Crane zo mu bwoko bwa Double-Girder: Zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora ibintu byinshi (ubwoko bwa A6-A8) n'ahantu hagoye. Zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'ibyuma (zo guterura ibyuma bishongeshejwe), mu gukora imashini ziremereye (zo guteranya ibikoresho binini), no mu byambu by'amakonteyineri (zo gupakira/gupakurura amakonteyineri aremereye). Imiterere yazo ikomeye ihangana n'ikoreshwa kenshi, rihoraho ndetse n'ibihe bikomeye nk'ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ivumbi.
4. Ibipimo by'ikiguzi
Ikiguzi kirimo ishoramari rya mbere, amafaranga yo gukoresha, n’ayo kubungabunga.
Imashini zitwara imizigo imwe: Zifite ikiguzi gito cyo kugura no gushyiramo bitewe n’imiterere yazo yoroshye. Ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga nacyo kiri hasi, kuko ibice bike bisaba isuzuma cyangwa gusimburwa. Ni amahitamo meza ku bigo bifite ingengo y’imari nke kandi bikenera imizigo yoroheje.
Imashini zitwara imizigo ibiri: Zikoresha ibiciro biri hejuru by’ibanze, harimo n’inganda, kuzishyiraho, no kuzishimangira. Ariko, kuramba kwazo no kuzitwara imizigo myinshi bigabanya igihe cyo gukora imirimo ikomeye, bigatuma habaho inyungu nziza ku ishoramari (ROI) ku bigo bifite ibyo bikenera mu mirimo iremereye. Ikiguzi cyo kuzibungabunga kiri hejuru ariko gishingiye ku gihe kirekire cyo kuzikorera no kwizerwa.
5. Incamake y'Intambwe zo Guhitamo
Sobanura Ibisabwa ku Mutwaro: Emeza umutwaro ntarengwa, umutwaro mpuzandengo, n'uburebure bwo guterura bukenewe—ibi bigabanya niba umutwaro umwe (≤toni 20) cyangwa umutwaro ugizwe n'ibice bibiri (>toni 20) bishoboka.
Suzuma ibidukikije ku kazi n'uruhererekane rw'akazi: Niba ibikorwa bikomeje, biremereye, cyangwa biri mu bihe bikomeye, ni byiza gukoresha crane ifite imigozi ibiri; ku ikoreshwa ryoroheje kandi rihoraho, crane ifite imigozi imwe irahagije.
Suzuma Imbogamizi z'Umwanya: Reba aho umutwe uherereye n'ubugari bw'ikirenge—crane imwe ni nziza ku myanya mito, mu gihe crane ebyiri zikeneye umwanya munini.
Sesengura Ikiguzi Ugereranyije n'Ikiguzi cy'Ingufu: Ku bikenewe mu gihe gito kandi byoroheje, hitamo imashini ikoresha umugozi umwe kugira ngo uzigame ikiguzi; ku bikorwa by'igihe kirekire kandi bikomeye, shora imari muri imashini ikoresha umugozi umwe kugira ngo wizere neza kandi ugire icyo ugeraho.
Mu gusoza, nta gisubizo "kijyanye n'uburyo bumwe". Amahitamo ashingira ku isuzuma ryimbitse ry'umutwaro, umwanya, ikoreshwa, n'igiciro. Kugisha inama abakora crane cyangwa injeniyeri kugira ngo bakore isesengura ryihariye ry'aho crane yatoranijwe bishobora kurushaho kwemeza ko ikane yatoranijwe yujuje ibisabwa mu mikorere n'amahame y'umutekano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 11 Nzeri 2025