Amakhreni angaphezuluziyimishini ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, ezokuthutha, kanye nokwakhiwa, kanti imiklamo ye-single-girder kanye ne-double-girder iyizinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu. Ukukhetha efanele kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kwesikhathi eside.
1. Izidingo Zomthamo Womthwalo
Umthamo womthwalo yiwona mbandela oyinhloko wokukhetha i-crane.
Ama-Cranes Ahamba Ngegiya Elilodwa: Ngokuvamile aklanyelwe imithwalo elula kuya kwephakathi, ngokuvamile asukela ku-0.5 tons kuya ku-20 tons. Isakhiwo sawo esilula sinciphisa amandla okuthwala imithwalo, okwenza angafaneleki ukusebenza ngemithwalo enzima.
Ama-Double-Girder Overhead Cranes: Asebenza kahle kakhulu ezimweni zemithwalo esindayo, kanye nomthamo ovame ukuba phakathi kwamathani ama-5 kuya kwangaphezu kwamathani angama-500. Isakhiwo se-dual-girder sisabalalisa isisindo ngokulinganayo, sinikeza ukuzinza okuphezulu kanye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wokukhiqiza okusindayo noma ukuphathwa kwemithwalo yemikhumbi.
2. Ubunzima Besakhiwo Nezidingo Zesikhala
Umehluko wesakhiwo uthinta ukufakwa, ukulungiswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesikhala.
Ama-Cranes Ane-Single Girder: Ane-beam eyodwa eyinhloko esekelwa amaloli okugcina. Anomklamo omncane, adinga indawo encane yokuma (isikhala esiqondile) kanye nobubanzi be-span, futhi kulula ukuyifaka nokunakekela. Isakhiwo esilula sinciphisa nesidingo sokuqinisa isisekelo okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Ama-Double-Girder Cranes: Aqukethe imishayo emibili eyinhloko ehambisanayo, kanye ne-hoist (indlela yokuphakamisa) evame ukusebenza phakathi kwama-girders. Lo mklamo udinga indawo enkulu yekhanda kanye nesikhala esivundlile. Ukufakwa kuhilela ukuhambisana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwama-girders amabili, kanti ukulungiswa kungadinga ukufinyelela endaweni ephakathi kwemishayo, okwandisa ubunzima bokusebenza.
3. Izimo Zokusebenza kanye Nemijikelezo Yomsebenzi
Ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kanye nemvamisa yokusebenza (umjikelezo womsebenzi) kunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-crane olufaneleka kakhulu.
Ama-Crane Ane-Girder Eyodwa: Alungele imijikelezo yokusebenza ephansi kuya kwephakathi (isb., amakilasi omsebenzi A3-A5 ngokwezindinganiso ze-ISO). Izicelo ezivamile zifaka phakathi ama-workshop amancane, izindawo zokugcina impahla, kanye nemigqa yokuhlanganisa imisebenzi efana nokuphakamisa izingxenye ezincane, ukupakisha, noma ukuhlanganisa okulula—lapho imithwalo ilula khona futhi imisebenzi ingaqhubeki.
Ama-Double-Girder Cranes: Afanelekela imijikelezo esezingeni eliphezulu (amakilasi omsebenzi A6-A8) kanye nezimo ezinzima. Asetshenziswa kabanzi ezigayweni zensimbi (zokuphakamisa insimbi encibilikisiwe), ekukhiqizweni kwemishini esindayo (yokuhlanganisa imishini emikhulu), kanye nasezimbobeni zezitsha (zokulayisha/ukukhulula izitsha ezisindayo). Isakhiwo sawo esiqinile simelana nokusetshenziswa njalo, okuqhubekayo kanye nezimo ezimbi kakhulu njengokushisa okuphezulu noma uthuli.
4. Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa
Izindleko zifaka phakathi ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala, izindleko zokusebenza, kanye nokugcinwa.
Ama-Cranes Asebenzisa I-Single-Girder: Anezindleko zokuthenga nokufaka zokuqala eziphansi ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo esilula. Izindleko zokulungisa nazo ziphansi, njengoba izingxenye ezimbalwa zidinga ukuhlolwa noma ukushintshwa. Ziyindlela engabizi kakhulu yamabhizinisi anesabelomali esilinganiselwe nezidingo zomthwalo olula.
Ama-Double-Girder Cranes: Ahlanganisa izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqiza, ukufaka, kanye nokuqinisa isisekelo. Kodwa-ke, ukuqina kwawo kanye nomthamo omkhulu womthwalo kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi emisebenzini enzima, okuholela ekubuyiselweni okungcono kwesikhathi eside kokutshalwa kwezimali (ROI) kwamabhizinisi anezidingo eziqhubekayo zemithwalo esindayo. Izindleko zokulungisa ziphakeme kodwa ziqinisekiswa impilo yawo yesevisi ende kanye nokuthembeka.
5. Isifinyezo Sezinyathelo Zokukhetha
Chaza Izidingo Zomthwalo: Qinisekisa umthwalo omkhulu, umthwalo omaphakathi, kanye nokuphakama kokuphakamisa okudingekayo—lokhu kunciphisa ukuthi i-single-girder (≤20 tons) noma i-double-girder (>20 tons) iyasebenza.
Hlola Indawo Yomsebenzi kanye Nomjikelezo Womsebenzi: Uma imisebenzi iqhubeka njalo, inzima, noma isezimweni ezinzima, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-crane enezinti ezimbili; uma isetshenziswa kalula, ngezikhathi ezithile, i-crane enezinti eyodwa yanele.
Hlola Izithiyo Zesikhala: Hlola indawo yokukhanda etholakalayo kanye nobubanzi besikhala—ama-crane e-single-girder angcono ezindaweni ezixineneyo, kuyilapho ama-crane e-double-girder edinga indawo eyengeziwe.
Hlaziya Izindleko vs. I-ROI: Ukuze uthole izidingo zesikhashana, ezilula, khetha i-crane ene-girder eyodwa ukuze wonge izindleko; ukuze uthole imisebenzi yesikhathi eside, enzima, tshala imali ku-crane ene-girder ephindwe kabili ukuze uthole ukuthembeka okungcono kanye ne-ROI engcono.
Ekuphetheni, asikho isisombululo "esifanela bonke ngobukhulu". Ukukhetha kuncike ekuhlolweni okuphelele komthwalo, isikhala, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nezindleko. Ukubonisana nabakhiqizi be-crane noma onjiniyela ukuze benze ukuhlaziywa okuqondene nendawo kungaqinisekisa ukuthi i-crane ekhethiwe ihlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza kanye nezindinganiso zokuphepha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 11-2025