Ukwakha ibhuloho kuwumsebenzi omkhulu odinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela, abasebenzi abanamakhono, kanye namathuluzi nemishini efanele. Kusukela ezigabeni zokuqala zokwakha kuya ekuthinteni kokugcina, ukuba namathuluzi nemishini efanele kubalulekile ekuqedeni ngempumelelo iphrojekthi yebhuloho. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola amathuluzi nemishini ebalulekile edingekayo ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho, sigxile ezixazululweni ezintsha ezinikezwa ukuqalisa abakhiqizi be-gantry crane kanye nabaphakeli be-beam launcher crane.
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile njenge-launch gantry crane kanye ne-beam launch crane. Le mishini enzima yenzelwe ukuphatha isisindo esikhulu nobukhulu bezingxenye zebhuloho, okwenza zibe yinto ebalulekile enkambisweni yokwakha. I-launch gantry crane, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-launch girder, iyi-gantry crane ekhethekile esetshenziselwa ukwakha izingxenye zebhuloho ezihleliwe kusengaphambili. Lawa ma-crane aklanyelwe ukuhamba eceleni kwe-bridge deck, okuvumela ukubekwa okunembile kwezingxenye ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa. Umkhiqizi we-launch gantry crane odumile anganikeza izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zephrojekthi yebhuloho, aqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kuyo yonke inqubo yokwakha.
Ngokufanayo,ama-crane okuqalisa ngomsebezidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamabhuloho ngokwenza kube lula ukufakwa kwemishayo yamabhuloho. Lawa ma-crane aklanyelwe ukuphakamisa nokubeka imishayo esindayo ngokunemba, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwezakhiwo zamabhuloho. Njengomhlinzeki we-crane ohamba phambili we-beam launcher crane, kubalulekile ukunikeza imishini ethembekile nesebenza kahle ehlangabezana nezidingo zamaphrojekthi okwakha amabhuloho esimanje. Njengoba kunezici ezithuthukisiwe ezifana nama-telescopic booms, izinhlelo ze-hydraulic, kanye nezindlela zokulawula ezinembile, ama-crane okuqalisa amabhuloho angamathuluzi abalulekile okuqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nobude besikhathi sebhuloho.
Ngaphezu kwamakhreyini akhethekile, kudingeka amathuluzi amaningi nemishini eminingi ukwakha ibhuloho. Ama-mixer ekhonkrithi, amaphampu, nama-vibrator abalulekile ekubunjweni nasekubekweni kwekhonkrithi, okwakha isisekelo kanye nezakhi zesakhiwo sebhuloho. Ama-gravator, ama-bulldozer, nama-grader asetshenziselwa ukulungiselela indawo, ukuhambisa umhlaba, kanye nokubeka i-grader, ukuqinisekisa indawo ezinzile neqondile yokwakhiwa kwebhuloho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yokubhoboza, ama-pile drivers, kanye nama-pile extractor abalulekile emsebenzini wesisekelo, enikeza ukwesekwa okudingekayo kwesakhiwo sebhuloho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okuhlola nokulinganisa athuthukile, njengeziteshi eziphelele, amazinga e-laser, kanye nemishini ye-GPS, kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambisana okunembile kanye nokuphakama kwezingxenye zebhuloho. Ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, njengesofthiwe ye-Building Information Modeling (BIM) kanye namathuluzi okuphatha amaphrojekthi edijithali, nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni lula inqubo yokwakha kanye nokuthuthukisa ukubambisana phakathi kwabathintekayo bephrojekthi.
Njengoba amaphrojekthi okwakha amabhuloho eqhubeka nokukhula, isidingo samathuluzi nemishini emisha siyakhula. Abakhiqizi nabaphakeli embonini yokwakha bahlala bethuthukisa izixazululo ezintsha zokubhekana nezinselele zokwakhiwa kwamabhuloho esimanje. Kusukela ezintweni ezithuthukisiwe nezindlela zokwakha kuya kumishini nemishini yesimanje, ikusasa lokwakhiwa kwamabhuloho liqhutshwa ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.
Ekuphetheni, ukwakha ibhuloho kudinga amathuluzi nemishini eyahlukahlukene, kusukela kuma-crane asebenza kanzima kuya kumathuluzi okulinganisa ngokunemba. Abakhiqizi be-gantry crane abasungula kanye nabaphakeli be-beam launcher crane badlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ngemishini ekhethekile edingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ibhuloho ngendlela ephumelelayo nephephile. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe nemishini yakamuva, ochwepheshe bokwakha banganqoba ubunzima bokwakhiwa kwebhuloho futhi balethe ingqalasizinda esezingeni eliphezulu ehlangabezana nezidingo zomhlaba wanamuhla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-27-2024